The study examines the effects of climate variability on marriage using longitudinal individual-level demographic data from the Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) and climate and economic data from 1871 to 1937.
Using mixed qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis, the author examines the effect of religious ideals on mechanisms that underlie changes in population growth, economic development, and land conversion within a polygamous, agro-pastoral society near Tarangire National Park in northern Tanzania where Christianity is spreading rapidly.
The purpose of this paper is to contribute additional and innovative pro poor policy options in the area of employment and natural resources management. Within this framework the concept of sustainable livelihoods is used as both a concrete goal of policy and as an approach for policy formulation and development of anti-poverty strategies. The paper initially examines UNDP's use of a sustainable livelihoods approach for poverty reduction, including the evolution of the concept and methodology.
This study examines the association between a household's degree of vulnerability to food crisis and the incidence of deaths using primary survey data carried out to look at the demographic consequences of drought and famine in the drought-prone areas of northern Ethiopia. Retrospective data on the occurrences of deaths within a household were collected for the period 1984-94. Consistent with previous studies, the findings confirm that mortality was clustered among the age groups 1-4 and 5-9 and varied considerably by famine and non-famine years.
GENUS abstract: The relationship between family structure and fertility on the one hand, and land availability on the other, is a very critical; subject. In fact, the relationship clearly involves a series of macro- and micro-economic, social, cultural and demographic variables; which themselves form the very foundation of rural societies, in both their general and more specific features. We can clarify some aspects of this problem by examining a series of case studies, of European and non-European communities.
GENUS abstract: This paper analyses the relationship between asset ownership and demographic behaviour amongst rural households in South Africa, on the basis of the 1993 LSDS survey. The own-children method indicates that women from households using communal land for growing crops bear more children than women from households having their own, or renting, farm land. Multiple regression, however, suggests that the type of land use scarcely affects fertility, which seems to depend, rather, on landholding (negatively) and on the size of cultivated land (positively).
GENUS Abstract: In many African countries, war has become synonymous with famine. Using the 1994 Ethiopian Census, this study provides fresh evidence pointing to the combined impacts of famine, war and environmental degradation on infant and child mortality in Tigrai, Ethiopia, which have had estimates of infant and child mortality higher than the average mortality in Ehiopia. Infants and child mortality peaked during crisis periods and were greatest in urban areas.
Taking a human ecology perspective, we investigate the effects of population pressure on provincial variations in fertility during the 1950s in Thailand. The research is motivated primarily by Easterlin's investigation of frontier effects in 19th century North America. We hypothesize that during the period prior to Thailand's remarkable economic expansion and fertility decline, both in-migration and rural fertility should vary positively with the availability of arable land.
In this article identifies four types of social externalities associated with fertility behavior.
The belief that the poor and hungry will often destroy their immediate environment in order to survive, and that this group is most directly affected by environmental change, is pervasive in the development, economics and geography literatures. This dissertation examines this hypothesis, as well as how cotton, or ‘white gold,’ production has influenced the rural poverty-environment dynamic in the Sahelian nation of Mali.
